import torch
from captum.log import log_usage
from captum._utils.common import _format_inputs
from captum._utils.typing import (
TensorOrTupleOfTensorsGeneric,
BaselineType,
TargetType,
)
from torch import Tensor
from typing import Any, Callable, Tuple, Union
from .occlusion import Occlusion
[docs]class TemporalOcclusion(Occlusion):
"""
Temporal Occlusion.
This method modifies the original occlusion by only perturbing the last
time, leaving the previous times unchanged. It can be used together with
``time_forward_tunnel`` to compute attributions on time series.
Args:
forward_func (callable): The forward function of the model or
any modification of it.
References:
`What went wrong and when? Instance-wise Feature Importance for Time-series Models <https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.02821>`_
Examples:
>>> import torch as th
>>> from tint.attr import TemporalOcclusion
>>> from tint.models import MLP
<BLANKLINE>
>>> inputs = th.rand(8, 7, 5)
>>> mlp = MLP([5, 3, 1])
<BLANKLINE>
>>> explainer = TemporalOcclusion(mlp)
>>> attr = explainer.attribute(inputs, (1,))
"""
def __init__(self, forward_func: Callable):
super().__init__(forward_func=forward_func)
[docs] @log_usage()
def attribute( # type: ignore
self,
inputs: TensorOrTupleOfTensorsGeneric,
sliding_window_shapes: Union[
Tuple[int, ...], Tuple[Tuple[int, ...], ...]
],
strides: Union[
None, int, Tuple[int, ...], Tuple[Union[int, Tuple[int, ...]], ...]
] = None,
baselines: BaselineType = None,
target: TargetType = None,
additional_forward_args: Any = None,
perturbations_per_eval: int = 1,
attributions_fn: Callable = None,
show_progress: bool = False,
) -> TensorOrTupleOfTensorsGeneric:
r"""
Args:
inputs (tensor or tuple of tensors): Input for which occlusion
attributions are computed. If forward_func takes a single
tensor as input, a single input tensor should be provided.
If forward_func takes multiple tensors as input, a tuple
of the input tensors should be provided. It is assumed
that for all given input tensors, dimension 0 corresponds
to the number of examples (aka batch size), and if
multiple input tensors are provided, the examples must
be aligned appropriately.
sliding_window_shapes (tuple or tuple of tuples): Shape of patch
(hyperrectangle) to occlude each input. For a single
input tensor, this must be a tuple of length equal to the
number of dimensions of the input tensor - 2, defining
the dimensions of the patch. If the input tensor is 2-d,
this should be an empty tuple. For multiple input tensors,
this must be a tuple containing one tuple for each input
tensor defining the dimensions of the patch for that
input tensor, as described for the single tensor case.
strides (int or tuple or tuple of ints or tuple of tuples, optional):
This defines the step by which the occlusion hyperrectangle
should be shifted by in each direction for each iteration.
For a single tensor input, this can be either a single
integer, which is used as the step size in each direction,
or a tuple of integers matching the number of dimensions
in the occlusion shape, defining the step size in the
corresponding dimension. For multiple tensor inputs, this
can be either a tuple of integers, one for each input
tensor (used for all dimensions of the corresponding
tensor), or a tuple of tuples, providing the stride per
dimension for each tensor.
To ensure that all inputs are covered by at least one
sliding window, the stride for any dimension must be
<= the corresponding sliding window dimension if the
sliding window dimension is less than the input
dimension.
If None is provided, a stride of 1 is used for each
dimension of each input tensor.
Default: None
baselines (scalar, tensor, tuple of scalars or tensors, optional):
Baselines define reference value which replaces each
feature when occluded.
Baselines can be provided as:
- a single tensor, if inputs is a single tensor, with
exactly the same dimensions as inputs or
broadcastable to match the dimensions of inputs
- a single scalar, if inputs is a single tensor, which will
be broadcasted for each input value in input tensor.
- a tuple of tensors or scalars, the baseline corresponding
to each tensor in the inputs' tuple can be:
- either a tensor with matching dimensions to
corresponding tensor in the inputs' tuple
or the first dimension is one and the remaining
dimensions match with the corresponding
input tensor.
- or a scalar, corresponding to a tensor in the
inputs' tuple. This scalar value is broadcasted
for corresponding input tensor.
In the cases when `baselines` is not provided, we internally
use zero scalar corresponding to each input tensor.
Default: None
target (int, tuple, tensor or list, optional): Output indices for
which difference is computed (for classification cases,
this is usually the target class).
If the network returns a scalar value per example,
no target index is necessary.
For general 2D outputs, targets can be either:
- a single integer or a tensor containing a single
integer, which is applied to all input examples
- a list of integers or a 1D tensor, with length matching
the number of examples in inputs (dim 0). Each integer
is applied as the target for the corresponding example.
For outputs with > 2 dimensions, targets can be either:
- A single tuple, which contains #output_dims - 1
elements. This target index is applied to all examples.
- A list of tuples with length equal to the number of
examples in inputs (dim 0), and each tuple containing
#output_dims - 1 elements. Each tuple is applied as the
target for the corresponding example.
Default: None
additional_forward_args (any, optional): If the forward function
requires additional arguments other than the inputs for
which attributions should not be computed, this argument
can be provided. It must be either a single additional
argument of a Tensor or arbitrary (non-tuple) type or a
tuple containing multiple additional arguments including
tensors or any arbitrary python types. These arguments
are provided to forward_func in order following the
arguments in inputs.
For a tensor, the first dimension of the tensor must
correspond to the number of examples. For all other types,
the given argument is used for all forward evaluations.
Note that attributions are not computed with respect
to these arguments.
Default: None
perturbations_per_eval (int, optional): Allows multiple occlusions
to be included in one batch (one call to forward_fn).
By default, perturbations_per_eval is 1, so each occlusion
is processed individually.
Each forward pass will contain a maximum of
perturbations_per_eval * #examples samples.
For DataParallel models, each batch is split among the
available devices, so evaluations on each available
device contain at most
(perturbations_per_eval * #examples) / num_devices
samples.
Default: 1
attributions_fn (Callable, optional): Applies a function to the
attributions before performing the weighted sum.
Default: None
show_progress (bool, optional): Displays the progress of computation.
It will try to use tqdm if available for advanced features
(e.g. time estimation). Otherwise, it will fallback to
a simple output of progress.
Default: False
Returns:
*tensor* or tuple of *tensors* of **attributions**:
- **attributions** (*tensor* or tuple of *tensors*):
The attributions with respect to each input feature.
Attributions will always be
the same size as the provided inputs, with each value
providing the attribution of the corresponding input index.
If a single tensor is provided as inputs, a single tensor is
returned. If a tuple is provided for inputs, a tuple of
corresponding sized tensors is returned.
"""
inputs_tpl = _format_inputs(inputs)
assert all(
x.shape[1] == inputs_tpl[0].shape[1] for x in inputs_tpl
), "All inputs must have the same time dimension. (dimension 1)"
# The time sliding must be equal to the time dim as we only
# perform the perturbation on the last time
sliding_window_shapes = (
inputs_tpl[0].shape[1],
) + sliding_window_shapes
# Append one stride on the time dimension
if strides is not None:
strides = (1,) + strides
return super().attribute.__wrapped__(
self,
inputs=inputs,
sliding_window_shapes=sliding_window_shapes,
strides=strides,
baselines=baselines,
target=target,
additional_forward_args=additional_forward_args,
perturbations_per_eval=perturbations_per_eval,
attributions_fn=attributions_fn,
show_progress=show_progress,
)
def _construct_ablated_input(
self,
expanded_input: Tensor,
input_mask: Union[None, Tensor],
baseline: Union[Tensor, int, float],
start_feature: int,
end_feature: int,
**kwargs: Any,
) -> Tuple[Tensor, Tensor]:
r"""
Ablates given expanded_input tensor with given feature mask, feature range,
and baselines, and any additional arguments.
expanded_input shape is (num_features, num_examples, ...)
with remaining dimensions corresponding to remaining original tensor
dimensions and num_features = end_feature - start_feature.
input_mask is None for occlusion, and the mask is constructed
using sliding_window_tensors, strides, and shift counts, which are provided in
kwargs. baseline is expected to
be broadcastable to match expanded_input.
This method returns the ablated input tensor, which has the same
dimensionality as expanded_input as well as the corresponding mask with
either the same dimensionality as expanded_input or second dimension
being 1. This mask contains 1s in locations which have been ablated (and
thus counted towards ablations for that feature) and 0s otherwise.
"""
input_mask = torch.stack(
[
self._occlusion_mask(
expanded_input,
j,
kwargs["sliding_window_tensors"],
kwargs["strides"],
kwargs["shift_counts"],
)
for j in range(start_feature, end_feature)
],
dim=0,
).long()
# Only apply occlusion on the last time
input_mask[:, :, :-1] = 0
ablated_tensor = (
expanded_input
* (
torch.ones(1, dtype=torch.long, device=expanded_input.device)
- input_mask
).to(expanded_input.dtype)
) + (baseline * input_mask.to(expanded_input.dtype))
return ablated_tensor, input_mask